Main Article Content

Abstract

The objective of this research was to map and analyze anthropogenic impacts on natural resources in the Ziban region of Algeria using remote sensing imagery from 1995 to 2021. Medium-resolution satellite images from Landsat TM and OLI were utilized, with image processing techniques such as colorful compositions and supervised classification to map land cover. Seven land use and land cover (LULC) classes were identified, distinguishing human-derived categories (palm, agriculture, urban, and greenhouses) from natural surfaces (nebka, natural vegetation, and bare soil). The results indicated significant increases in human-driven elements like palm, urban areas, agriculture, greenhouses, and nebka, and notable decreases in natural components like vegetation and bare soil. Specifically, the rate of change (Tc) showed increases of 0.9% for palm, 1.14% for urban, 1.55% for agriculture, 1.91% for greenhouses, and 9.37% for nebka, and decreases of -3.68% for vegetation and -11.19% for bare soil. These findings highlight the impact of agricultural policies, population growth, and natural and human-induced conditions on natural resources. Palm areas remained largely unchanged due to state policies, whereas agriculture saw significant conversions to bare soil and palm. Vegetation declined substantially due to adverse climatic conditions and agricultural expansion. Nebka and urban areas had moderate to high conversion rates, and bare soil saw notable changes due to sand movement and urban/agricultural development. The study highlights the role of remote sensing and land cover analysis in managing natural resources sustainably, considering factors like agricultural policies and population growth. It emphasizes developing data-driven strategies for effective land use and management.

Article Details

Author Biographies

Ali Masmoudi, Laboratory of Ecosystem Diversity and Agricultural Production System Dynamics in Arid Zones (DEDSPAZA), Mohamed Khider University, 07000 Biskra, Algeria

Laboratory of Ecosystem Diversity and Agricultural Production System Dynamics in Arid Zones (DEDSPAZA), Mohamed Khider University, 07000 Biskra, Algeria

Francesco Pirotti, Department of Land, Environment and Agro-Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Via dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.

TESAF Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry
CIRGEO Interdepartmental Research Center in Geomatics

Mohamed Amine , Grupo de Investigación Geoambiental, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible (INTERRA), Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.

Laboratory of Ecosystem Diversity and Agricultural Production System Dynamics in Arid Zones (DEDSPAZA), Mohamed Khider University, 07000 Biskra, Algeria

Grupo de Investigación Geoambiental, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Para El Desarrollo Territorial Sostenible (INTERRA), Universidad de Extremadura, 10071 Cáceres, Spain.

How to Cite
Kendri, S., Masmoudi, A., Pirotti, F., & Abdennour, M. A. (2024). Mapping anthropogenic impacts on natural resources in the northeastern Sahara region: A case study on the past 26 years over the Ziban region (Algeria). Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 5(2), 260-280. https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.05.02.10

References

Abd El-Kawy, O. R., Rød, J. K., Ismail, H. A., & Suliman, A. S. (2011). Land use and land cover change detection in the western Nile delta of Egypt using remote sensing data. Applied Ge-ography, 31(2), 483–494. CrossRef
Abdennour, M. A., Douaoui, A., Bennacer, A., Pulido Fernández, M., & Bradai, A. (2019). Detec-tion of soil salinity as a consequence of land cover changes at El Ghrous (Algeria) irrigated area using satellite images. Revue Agrobiologia, 9, 1458–1470. Direct Link.
Abdennour, M. A., Douaoui, A., Piccini, C., Pulido, M., Bennacer, A., Bradaï, A., & Yahiaoui, I. (2020). Predictive mapping of soil electrical conductivity as a Proxy of soil salinity in south-east of Algeria. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 8, 100087. CrossRef
Abuhay, W., Gashaw, T., & Tsegaye, L. (2023). Assessing impacts of land use/land cover changes on the hydrology of Upper Gilgel Abbay watershed using the SWAT model. Journal of Agri-culture and Food Research, 12, 100535. CrossRef
Afaq, Y., & Manocha, A. (2021). Analysis on change detection techniques for remote sensing ap-plications: A review. Ecological Informatics, 63, 101310. CrossRef
Afrasinei, G. M., Melis, M. T., Buttau, C., Bradd, J. M., Arras, C., & Ghiglieri, G. (2017). Assessment of remote sensing-based classification methods for change detection of salt-affected areas (Biskra area, Algeria). Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 11(1), 016025-016025. CrossRef
Akbar Hossain, K., Masiero, M., & Pirotti, F. (2022). Land cover change across 45 years in the world’s largest mangrove forest (Sundarbans): the contribution of remote sensing in forest monitoring. European Journal of Remote Sensing, 1-17. CrossRef
Aldhshan, S. R. S., & Shafri, H. Z. M. (2019). Change detection on land use/land cover and land surface temperature using spatiotemporal data of Landsat: a case study of Gaza Strip. Ara-bian Journal of Geosciences, 12(14). CrossRef
Al-sharif, A. A., & Pradhan, B. (2014). Monitoring and predicting land use change in Tripoli Met-ropolitan City using an integrated Markov chain and cellular automata models in GIS. Ara-bian journal of Geosciences, 7, 4291-4301. CrossRef
Amini, S., Saber, M., Rabiei-Dastjerdi, H., & Homayouni, S. (2022). Urban land use and land cover change analysis using random forest classification of landsat time series. Remote Sensing, 14(11), 2654. CrossRef
Anderson G. P., Felde G. W., Hoke M. L., Ratkowski A. J., Cooley T., Chetwynd, J. H.,. Gardner J. A, Adler-Golden M, Matthew M. W., Berk A., Bernstein L. S., Acharya K., Miller D., Lewis P. (2002). MODTRAN4-based atmospheric correction algorithm: FLAAS H (fast line-of-sight atmospheric analysis of spectral hypercubes). In Algorithms and technologies for multispec-tral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery VIII. 4725, 65–71. CrossRef
AndualemT. G., Belay G., Guadie A. (2018). Land use change detection using remote sensing technology. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 9(10): 1–6. CrossRef
Assami, T., & Aissa, B. H. (2021). Apport de la teledetection dans la detection du changement des oasis: cas du Zeb El GHerbi-Biskra [The contribution of remote sensing to the detection of oasis change: the case of Zeb El Gherbi-Biskra]. Revue des Bio Ressources, 11(2), 7-7. Direct Link.
Atmospheric correction module. (2009). Quac and flaash user’s guide. Version, 4.44. Direct Link.
Attri, P., Chaudhry, S., & Sharma, S. (2015). Remote sensing & GIS based approaches for LULC change detection–a review. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 5(5), 3126-3137. Direct Link.
Basha, U. I., Suresh, U., Raju, G. S., Rajasekhar, M., Veeraswamy, G., & Balaji, E. (2018). Land use and land cover analysis using remote sensing and GIS: A case study in Somavathi River, Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 17(3), 1029-1033. Direct Link.
Ben Hounet, Y. (2013). Propriété, appropriation foncière et pratiques du droit en milieu step-pique (Algérie) [Ownership, land appropriation and legal practices in steppe areas (Alge-ria)]. Études Rurales, (2), 61-77. CrossRef
Bettiche, F., Grunberger, O., & Belhamra, M. (2017). Contamination des eaux par les pesticides sous système de production intensive (serres), cas de Biskra, Algérie [Water contamination by pesticides under intensive production system (greenhouses), case of Biskra, Alegria]. Courrier du Savoir, 23, 39-48. Direct Link.
Bouziane, M. T., & Labadi, A. (2009). Les eaux profondes de la région de Biskra (Algérie) [The deep waters of the Biskra region (Algeria)]. European Journal of Scientific Research, 25(4), 526-537.
Bufebo, B., & Elias, E. (2021). Land use/land cover change and its driving forces in Shenkolla wa-tershed, south Central Ethiopia. The Scientific World Journal, 2021(1), 9470918. CrossRef
Chander, G., Markham, B. L., & Helder, D. L. (2009). Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors. Remote Sensing of Environ-ment, 113(5), 893–903. CrossRef
Chen, B., Huang, B., & Xu, B. (2015). Comparison of spatiotemporal fusion models: A review. Re-mote Sensing, 7(2), 1798-1835. CrossRef
Coppin, P., Jonckheere, I., Nackaerts, K., Muys, B., & Lambin, E. (2004). Digital change detection methods in ecosystem monitoring: A review. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(9), 1565–1596. CrossRef
Daoudi, A., & Colin, J. P. (2017). Construction et transfert de la propriété foncière dans la nouvelle agriculture steppique et saharienne en Algérie [Construction and transfer of land ownership in Algeria's new steppe and Saharan agriculture. Property and Society in Con-temporary Algeria]. Aix-en-Provence: Iremam, OpenEdition Books, 158-176. CrossRef
Das, S., & Angadi, D. P. (2021). Land use land cover change detection and monitoring of urban growth using remote sensing and GIS techniques: a micro-level study. GeoJournal, 87(3), 2101-2123. CrossRef
Dechaicha, A., & Alkama, D. (2020). Détection du changement de l’étalement urbain au Bas-Sahara algérien : apport de la télédétection spatiale et des SIG. Cas de la ville de Biskra (Al-gérie) [Detection of urban spread change in Algeria’s Lower Sahara: input of space remote sensing and GIS. Cases of the city of Biskra (Algeria)]. Revue Française de Photogrammétrie et de Télédétection, (222), 43-51. CrossRef
Deghiche-Diab, N., Deghiche, L., & Kachai, S. (2016). Importance of spontaneous plants of steppe arid regions Ouled Djellel Biskra (Algeria). International Journal of Botany Studies, 1(3), 3-7. Direct Link.
Direction de la programmation et du suivi budgétaire de la wilaya de Biskra (DPSB-Biskra). (2019). Monographie de la wilaya de Biskra, Algérie [Directorate of programming and budget monitoring of the wilaya of Biskra (2019) Monograph of the wilaya of Biskra, Alge-ria], 203 p.
El-Zeiny, A. M., & Effat, H. A. (2017). Environmental monitoring of spatiotemporal change in land use/land cover and its impact on land surface temperature in El-Fayoum governorate, Egypt. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 8, 266–277. CrossRef
Fahad, S., Li, W., Lashari, A. H., Islam, A., Khattak, L. H., & Rasool, U. (2021). Evaluation of land use and land cover Spatio-temporal change during rapid Urban sprawl from Lahore, Paki-stan. Urban Climate, 39(June), 100931. CrossRef
Fan, F., Weng, Q., & Wang, Y. (2007). Land use and land cover change in Guangzhou, China, from 1998 to 2003, based on Landsat TM /ETM+ imagery. Sensors, 7(7), 1323–1342. CrossRef
Farhi, Y., & Belhamra, M. (2012). Typologie et structure de l’avifaune des Ziban (Biskra, Algérie) [Typology and structure of the avifauna of the Ziban (Biskra, Algeria)]. Courrier Du Savoir, 13, 127-136. Direct Link.

Farhi, Y., Absi, K., & Belhamra, M. (2016). Composition de l'avifaune des steppes pré-sahariennes des Ziban (Biskra, Algérie) [Composition of the avifauna of the pre-Saharan steppes of the Ziban (Biskra, Algeria)]. Courrier Du Savoir, 21, 121-128. Direct Link.
Felde, G. W., Anderson, G. P., Cooley, T. W., Matthew, M. W., Adler-Golden, S. M., Berk, A., & Lee, J. (2003). Analysis of Hyperion data with the FLAASH atmospheric correction algorithm. In-ternational Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), 1(C), 90–92. CrossRef
Forkuo, E. K., & Frimpong, A. (2012). Analysis of forest cover change detection. International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications, 2(4), 82–9. Direct Link.
Gaur, S., Mittal, A., Bandyopadhyay, A., Holman, I., & Singh, R. (2020). Spatio-temporal analysis of land use and land cover change: a systematic model inter-comparison driven by integrated modelling techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 41(23), 9229-9255. Cross-Ref
Goswami, A., Sharma, D., Mathuku, H., Gangadharan, S. M. P., Yadav, C. S., Sahu, S. K., & Imran, H. (2022). Change detection in remote sensing image data comparing algebraic and machine learning methods. Electronics, 11(3), 431.CrossRef
Halefom, A., Teshome, A., Sisay, E., & Ahmad, I. (2018). Dynamics of land use and land cover change using remote sensing and GIS: a case study of Debre Tabor Town, South Gondar, Ethiopia. Journal of Geographic Information System, 10(2), 165-174. CrossRef
Hemati, M., Hasanlou, M., Mahdianpari, M., & Mohammadimanesh, F. (2021). A systematic re-view of landsat data for change detection applications: 50 years of monitoring the earth. Remote sensing, 13(15), 2869. CrossRef
Halmy, M. W. A., Gessler, P. E., Hicke, J. A., & Salem, B. B. (2015). Land use/land cover change detection and prediction in the north-western coastal desert of Egypt using Markov-CA. Ap-plied Geography, 63, 101-112. CrossRef
Haque, M. I., & Basak, R. (2017). Land cover change detection using GIS and remote sensing techniques: A spatio-temporal study on Tanguar Haor, Sunamganj, Bangladesh. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 20(2), 251–263. CrossRef
Hassan, Z., Shabbir, R., Ahmad, S. S., Malik, A. H., Aziz, N., Butt, A., & Erum, S. (2016). Dynamics of land use and land cover change (LULCC) using geospatial techniques: A case study of Islam-abad Pakistan. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 1-11. CrossRef
Hegazy, I. R., & Kaloop, M. R. (2015). Monitoring urban growth and land use change detection with GIS and remote sensing techniques in Daqahlia governorate Egypt. International Jour-nal of Sustainable Built Environment, 4(1), 117–124. CrossRef
Hu, Y., Batunacun, Zhen, L., & Zhuang, D. (2019). Assessment of land-use and land-cover change in Guangxi, China. Scientific Reports, 9, 2189. CrossRef
Hu, Y., Raza, A., Syed, N. R., Acharki, S., Ray, R. L., Hussain, S., & Elbeltagi, A. (2023). Land use/land cover change detection and NDVI estimation in Pakistan’s Southern Punjab Prov-ince. Sustainability, 15(4), 3572. CrossRef
Hundu, W. T., Anule, P. T., Kwanga, G. M., & Dam, D. P. (2021). Assessment of land use and land cover change using GIS and remote sensing techniques in Katsina-Ala Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, 13(4), 195-204. Direct Link.
Hussain, M., Chen, D., Cheng, A., Wei, H., & Stanley, D. (2013). Change detection from remotely sensed images: From pixel-based to object-based approaches. ISPRS Journal of Photo-grammetry and Remote Sensing, 80, 91–106. CrossRef
Hussain, S., & Karuppannan, S. (2023). Land use/land cover changes and their impact on land surface temperature using remote sensing technique in district Khanewal, Punjab Pakistan. Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes, 7(1), 46–58. CrossRef
Iqbal, M. F., & Khan, I. A. (2014). Spatiotemporal land use land cover change analysis and erosion risk mapping of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sens-ing and Space Science, 17(2), 209-229. CrossRef
Islam, M. S. (2021). Assessing the dynamics of land cover and shoreline changes of Nijhum Dwip (Island) of Bangladesh using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 41, 101578. CrossRef
Koko, A. F., Yue, W., Abubakar, G. A., Hamed, R., & Alabsi, A. A. N. (2020). Monitoring and pre-dicting spatio-temporal land use/land cover changes in Zaria City, Nigeria, through an inte-grated cellular automata and markov chain model (CA-Markov). Sustainability (Switzer-land), 12(24), 1–21. CrossRef
Kumar, A., Chaudhary, S., & Negi, M. S. (2019). A study of spatio-temporal landuse/land cover change dynamics in Rudraprayag District, (Garhwal Himalaya) using Remote Sensing and GIS. Journal of Global Resources, 5(02), 61-69. Direct Link.
López-Serrano, P. M., Corral-Rivas, J. J., Díaz-Varela, R. A., Álvarez-González, J. G., & López-Sánchez, C. A. (2016). Evaluation of radiometric and atmospheric correction algorithms for aboveground forest biomass estimation using Landsat 5 TM data. Remote Sensing, 8(5), 369. CrossRef
Lu, D., Mausel, P., Brondízio, E., & Moran, E. (2004). Change detection techniques. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 25(12), 2365–2401. CrossRef
Mensah, A. A., Sarfo, D. A., & Partey, S. T. (2019). Assessment of vegetation dynamics using re-mote sensing and GIS: A case of Bosomtwe Range Forest Reserve, Ghana. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 22(2), 145-154. CrossRef
Mihi, A. (2018). Etude écologique et cartographique de l’écosystème oasien par l’outil SIG et Télédétection : cas de l’oasis de Biskra, Algérie sud [Ecological and cartographic study of the oasis ecosystem using GIS and remote sensing: the case of the Biskra oasis, southern Al-geria] (Doctoral dissertation). Direct Link.
Minta, M., Kibret, K., Thorne, P., Nigussie, T., & Nigatu, L. (2018). Land use and land cover dy-namics in Dendi-Jeldu hilly-mountainous areas in the central Ethiopian highlands. Ge-oderma, 314, 27-36. CrossRef
Mostephaoui, T., & Bensaid, R. (2014). Caractérisation des sols gypseux dans les zones arides par télédétection. Cas du sous-bassin versant d’oued djedi-biskra [Characterization of gypsum soils in arid zones by remote sensing. Case of the oued djedi-biskra sub-watershed]. Leba-nese Science Journal, 15(1), 99-115. Direct Link.
Muttitanon, W., & Tripathi, N. K. (2005). Land use/land cover changes in the coastal zone of Ban Don Bay, Thailand using Landsat 5 TM data. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 26(11), 2311–2323. CrossRef
Muriuki, G., Seabrook, L., McAlpine, C., Jacobson, C., Price, B., & Baxter, G. (2011). Land cover change under unplanned human settlements: A study of the Chyulu Hills squatters, Kenya. Landscape and Urban Planning, 99(2), 154-165. CrossRef
Naboureh, A., Bian, J., Lei, G., & Li, A. (2021). A review of land use/land cover change mapping in the China-Central Asia-West Asia economic corridor countries. Big Earth Data, 5(2), 237-257. CrossRef
Nalepa, J., Myller, M., Cwiek, M., Zak, L., Lakota, T., Tulczyjew, L., & Kawulok, M. (2021). To-wards on-board hyperspectral satellite image segmentation: Understanding robustness of deep learning through simulating acquisition conditions. Remote Sensing, 13(8), 1532. CrossRef
Negassa, M. D., Mallie, D. T., & Gemeda, D. O. (2020). Forest cover change detection using Geo-graphic Information Systems and remote sensing techniques: A spatio-temporal study on Komto Protected forest priority area, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia. Environmental Systems Research, 9, 1-14. CrossRef
Niu, X., Hu, Y., Lei, Z., Yan, H., Ye, J., & Wang, H. (2022). Temporal and spatial evolution charac-teristics and its driving mechanism of land use/cover in Vietnam from 2000 to 2020. Land, 11(6), 920. CrossRef


Nkundabose, J.P., Nshimiyimana, F., Twagirayezu, G., & Irumva, O. (2021). Employing remote sensing tools for assessment of land use/land cover (LULC) changes in Eastern Province, Rwanda. American Journal of Remote Sensing, 9(1), 23. CrossRef
Ngongo, Y., DeRosari, B., Basuki, T., Njurumana, G. N., Nugraha, Y., Harianja, A. H., & Nugroho, H. Y. S. H. (2023). Land cover change and food security in central Sumba: Challenges and op-portunities in the decentralization era in Indonesia. Land, 12(5), 1043. CrossRef
Nourani, A., & Bencheikh, A. (2017). Energy input-output analysis and mechanization status es-timation for greenhouse vegetable production in Biskra province (Algeria). Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, 19(4), 76-82. Direct Link.
Opedes, H., Mücher, S., Baartman, J. E., Nedala, S., & Mugagga, F. (2022). Land cover change de-tection and subsistence farming dynamics in the Fringes of Mount Elgon National Park, Uganda from 1978–2020. Remote Sensing, 14(10), 2423. 2423; CrossRef
Ouedraogo, B., Ouedraogo, L., & Kabore, O. (2015). Fragmentation of space and conflicts of use in the Sahel: The case of the Yakouta watershed (Burkina Faso). International Journal of Bi-ological and Chemical Sciences, 9(6), 2727-2739. CrossRef
Owojori, A., & Xie, H. (2005). Landsat image-based LULC changes of San Antonio, Texas using advanced atmospheric correction and object-oriented image analysis approaches. In 5th in-ternational symposium on remote sensing of urban areas, Tempe, AZ. Direct Link.
Parveen, S., Basheer, J., & Praveen, B. (2018). A literature review on land use land cover changes. International Journal of Advanced Research, 6(7), 1-6. CrossRef
Perring, M. P., De Frenne, P., Baeten, L., Maes, S. L., Depauw, L., Blondeel, H., & Verheyen, K. (2016). Global environmental change effects on ecosystems: The importance of land‐use legacies. Global Change Biology, 22(4), 1361-1371. CrossRef
Pouliot, D., Latifovic, R., Zabcic, N., Guindon, L., & Olthof, I. (2014). Development and assessment of a 250 m spatial resolution MODIS annual land cover time series (2000–2011) for the for-est region of Canada derived from change-based updating. Remote Sensing of Environment, 140, 731-743. CrossRef
Qian, J., Zhou, Q., & Hou, Q. (2007). Comparison of pixel-based and object-oriented classification methods for extracting built-up areas in arid zone. In ISPRS workshop on updating Geo-spatial databases with imagery & the 5th ISPRS Workshop on DMGISs China: Urumchi, Xingjizng (8), 163-171. Direct Link.
Qin, R., Tian, J., & Reinartz, P. (2016). 3D change detection–approaches and applications. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 122, 41-56. CrossRef
Rahaman, M., & Esraz-Ul-Zannat, M. (2021). Evaluating the impacts of major cyclonic catastro-phes in coastal Bangladesh using geospatial techniques. SN Applied Sciences, 3(8). CrossRef
Rai, R., Zhang, Y., Paudel, B., Acharya, B. K., & Basnet, L. (2018). Land use and land cover dynam-ics and assessing the ecosystem service values in the trans-boundary Gandaki River Basin, Central Himalayas. Sustainability, 10(9), 3052. CrossRef
Ratnaparkhi, N. S., Nagne, A. D., & Gawali, B. (2016). Analysis of land use/land cover changes using remote sensing and GIS techniques in Parbhani City, Maharashtra, India. International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS, 5(1), 1702-1708.
Rawat, J. S., & Kumar, M. (2015). Monitoring land use/cover change using remote sensing and GIS techniques: A case study of Hawalbagh block, district Almora, Uttarakhand, India. Egyp-tian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 18(1), 77–84. CrossRef
Rechachi, M. Z. (2017). Impact de la qualité des eaux d’irrigation sur la salinisation des sols en régions arides et semi arides : cas de la région du Ziban [Impact of irrigation water quality on soil salinization in arid and semi-arid regions : the case of the Ziban region]. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Mohamed Khider-Biskra). Direct Link.
Reis, S. (2008). Analyzing land use/land cover changes using remote sensing and GIS in Rize, North-East Turkey. Sensors, 8(10), 6188–6202. CrossRef
Rekis, A. (2012). Etude spatio-temporelle du changement de la végétation de la région ouest de Biskra. Approche cartographique par télédétection [Spatio-temporal study of vegetation change in the western region of Biskra. Cartographic approach using remote sensing]. Di-rect Link.
Roy, P. S., & Roy, A. (2010). Land use and land cover change in India: A remote sensing & GIS perspective. Journal of the Indian Institute of Science, 90(4), 489–502. Direct Link.
Saini, S. S., & Kaushik, S. P. (2011). Land use changes in Haryana sub region of Chandigarh pe-riphery controlled area: a spatio-temporal study. Institute of Town Planners, India Journal, 8(4), 96-106. Direct Link.
Salazar, A., Baldi, G., Hirota, M., Syktus, J., & McAlpine, C. (2015). Land use and land cover change impacts on the regional climate of non-Amazonian South America: A review. Global and Planetary Change, 128, 103-119. CrossRef
Sankhala, S., & Singh, B. (2014). Evaluation of urban sprawl and land use land cover change us-ing remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study of Jaipur City, India. International Jour-nal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, 4(1), 66-72. Direct Link.
Seyam, M. M. H., Haque, M. R., & Rahman, M. M. (2023). Identifying the land use land cover (LULC) changes using remote sensing and GIS approach: A case study at Bhaluka in My-mensingh, Bangladesh. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 7, 100293. CrossRef
Singh, A. (1989). Digital change detection techniques using remotely-sensed data. International journal of remote sensing, 10(6), 989-1003. CrossRef
Shafique, A., Cao, G., Khan, Z., Asad, M., & Aslam, M. (2022). Deep learning-based change detec-tion in remote sensing images: A review. Remote Sensing, 14(4), 871. CrossRef
Shi, G., Jiang, N., & Yao, L. (2018). Land use and cover change during the rapid economic growth period from 1990 to 2010: A case study of Shanghai. Sustainability, 10(2), 426. CrossRef
Shi, W., Zhang, M., Zhang, R., Chen, S., & Zhan, Z. (2020). Change detection based on artificial in-telligence: State-of-the-art and challenges. Remote Sensing, 12(10), 1688. CrossRef
Satgé, F., Espinoza, R., Pillco Zolá, R., Roig, H., Timouk, F., Molina, J., & Bonnet, M. P. (2017). Role of climate variability and human activity on Poopó Lake droughts between 1990 and 2015 assessed using remote sensing data. Remote Sensing, 9(3), 218. CrossRef
Tew, Y. L., Tan, M. L., Samat, N., & Yang, X. (2019). Urban expansion analysis using Landsat im-ages in Penang, Malaysia. Sains Malaysiana, 48(11), 2307–2315. CrossRef
Tewabe, D., & Fentahun, T. (2020). Assessing land use and land cover change detection using remote sensing in the Lake Tana Basin, Northwest Ethiopia. Cogent Environmental Science, 6(1), 1778998. CrossRef
Twisa, S., & Buchroithner, M. F. (2019). Land-use and land-cover (LULC) change detection in Wami River Basin, Tanzania. Land, 8(9), 136. CrossRef
Ul Din, S., & Mak, H. W. L. (2021). Retrieval of land-use/land cover change (LUCC) maps and ur-ban expansion dynamics of Hyderabad, Pakistan via Landsat datasets and support vector machine framework. Remote Sensing, 13(16), 3337. CrossRef
Venter, Z. S., Barton, D. N., Chakraborty, T., Simensen, T., & Singh, G. (2022). Global 10 m land use land cover datasets: A comparison of dynamic world, world cover and Esri land cover. Re-mote Sensing, 14(16), 4101. CrossRef
Watanabe, F. S. Y., Alcântara, E., Rodrigues, T. W. P., Imai, N. N., Barbosa, C. C. F., & Rotta, L. H. D. S. (2015). Estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration and the trophic state of the Barra Bonita hydroelectric reservoir using OLI/Landsat-8 images. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health, 12(9), 10391-10417. CrossRef
Wu, Q., Li, H. Q., Wang, R. S., Paulussen, J., He, Y., Wang, M., Wang, B. H., & Wang, Z. (2006). Moni-toring and predicting land use change in Beijing using remote sensing and GIS. Landscape and Urban Planning, 78(4), 322–333. CrossRef

Wang, S. W., Gebru, B. M., Lamchin, M., Kayastha, R. B., & Lee, W. K. (2020). Land use and land cover change detection and prediction in the Kathmandu district of Nepal using remote sensing and GIS. Sustainability, 12(9), 3925. CrossRef
Yang, Y., Cao, C., Pan, X., Li, X., & Zhu, X. (2017). Downscaling land surface temperature in an arid area by using multiple remote sensing indices with random forest regression. Remote Sens-ing, 9(8), 789. CrossRef
Yuan, J., & Niu, Z. (2008). Evaluation of atmospheric correction using FLAASH. In 2008 Interna-tional Workshop on Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (pp. 1-6). IEEE. CrossRef
Zoungrana, B. J. B., Conrad, C., Amekudzi, L. K., Thiel, M., Da, E. D., Forkuor, G., & Löw, F. (2015). Multi-temporal Landsat images and ancillary data for land use/cover change (LULCC) de-tection in the Southwest of Burkina Faso, West Africa. Remote Sensing, 7(9), 12076–12099. 12102. CrossRef