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Abstract
This research reports a comparative analysis of the possible radical scavenging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of several ex-tracts in case of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus communis gathered from Algeria's mountainous regions. The plants extracts total phenolic acid content was ascertained using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and their total flavonoid content was ascertained using the aluminum chlo-ride colorimetric test. By estimating their ability to remove free radi-cals using the DPPH method and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, their antioxidant capacity was assessed. Disk diffusion was used to measure the antibacterial activity against five strains of bacteria, and a protein denaturation assay was performed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity. A high polyphenol content of 104.54 ±0.35 mg GAE/g was observed in the hydroethanolic extract of Artemi-sia herba-alba, while a high flavonoid content of 17.05 ±0.13 mg QE/g was found in the hydroethanolic extract of Juniperus communis. Both species extracts showed important antioxidant activity in two separate tests, where the hydroethanolic extracts demonstrated effective action. The crude extracts showed positive antibacterial activity, especially the hydroethanolic extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae with a super inhibition on concentration 20 mg/ml. In the anti-inflammatory assay, the hydroethanolic extract of J. comminus with IC50: 23.58 ±0.02 μg/mL, has the most potent anti-denaturation effect on albumin. According to the study's findings, the hydroethanolic ex-tracts in case of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus communis gathered from Algeria's mountainous regions are possible sources of phenolic compounds with important natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory characteristics that may be employed in pharmaceutical products.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Layadi, I., Tlili, M. L., & Laiche, A. T. (2025). Comparative analysis of the possible radical scavenging, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of several extracts in case of Artemisia herba-alba and Juniperus communis gathered from Algeria’s mountainous regions. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 6(1), 114-123. https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.06.01.09
References
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Bordean, M.-E., Ungur, R. A., Toc, D. A., Borda, I. M., Marțiș, G. S., Pop, C. R., Filip, M., Vlassa, M., Nasui, B. A., & Pop, A. (2023). Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Artemisia species. Antioxidants, 12(3), 596. CrossRef
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Dahmane, T., Kaci, Z., Hadj Mohamed, N., Abed, A., & Mebkhout, F. (2023). Ethnobotanical Study of Spontaneous Medicinal Plants Gouraya’s National Park (Bejaia-Algeria). Egyptian Journal of Botany, 63(3), 1083-1100. CrossRef
Daira, N. E.-H., Maazi, M. C., & Chefrour, A. (2016). Contribution à l’étude phytochimique d’une plante médicinale (Ammoides verticillata Desf. Briq.) de l’Est Algérien [Contribution to the phytochemical study of a medicinal plant (Ammoides verticillata Desf. Briq.) from Eastern Algeria]. Bulletin de la Société royale des sciences de Liège, 85(1), 276-290. CrossRef
Dhaka, K., & Mittal, A. (2021). A review on botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses of selected medicinal plants: Juniperus communis, Ficus carica, Garcinia indica. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 9(5), 61-79. Direct Link.
Falleh, H., Ksouri, R., Chaieb, K., Karray-Bouraoui, N., Trabelsi, N., Boulaaba, M., & Abdelly, C. (2008). Phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus L. organs, and their biological activities. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331(5), 372-379. CrossRef
Heim, K. E., Tagliaferro, A. R., & Bobilya, D. J. (2002). Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 13(10), 572-584. CrossRef
Höferl, M., Stoilova, I., Schmidt, E., Wanner, J., Jirovetz, L., Trifonova, D., Krastev, L., & Krastanov, A. (2014). Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Juniper berry (Juniperus communis L.) essential oil. Action of the essential oil on the antioxidant protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae model organism. Antioxidants, 3(1), 81-98. CrossRef
Idoudi, S., Othman, K. B., Bouajila, J., Tourrette, A., Romdhane, M., & Elfalleh, W. (2023). Influence of extraction techniques and solvents on the antioxidant and biological potential of different parts of Scorzonera undulata. Life, 13(4), 904. CrossRef
Ivănescu, B., Burlec, A. F., Crivoi, F., Roșu, C., & Corciovă, A. (2021). Secondary metabolites from Artemisia genus as biopesticides and innovative nano-based application strategies. Molecules, 26(10), 3061. CrossRef
Jaradat, N., Dwikat, M., Amer, J., Ghanim, M., Hawash, M., Hussein, F., Issa, L., Ishtawe, S., Salah, S., & Nasser, S. (2024). Total phenolic contents, cytotoxic, free radicals, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, and lipase suppressant activities of Artemisia dracunculus plant from Palestine. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1351743. CrossRef
Kaczorová, D., Karalija, E., Dahija, S., Bešta-Gajević, R., Parić, A., & Ćavar Zeljković, S. (2021). Influence of extraction solvent on the phenolic profile and bioactivity of two Achillea species. Molecules, 26(6), 1601. CrossRef
Khlifi, D., Sghaier, R. M., Amouri, S., Laouini, D., Hamdi, M., & Bouajila, J. (2013). Composition and anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia herba-alba, Ruta chalepensis L. and Peganum harmala L. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, 202-208. CrossRef
Larayetan, R., Ololade, Z. S., Ogunmola, O. O., & Ladokun, A. (2019). Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antitrypanosomal, and antimalarial potentials of the crude extracts of Callistemon citrinus. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019(1), 5410923. CrossRef
Mohammed, M. J., Anand, U., Altemimi, A. B., Tripathi, V., Guo, Y., & Pratap-Singh, A. (2021). Phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of white wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba). Plants, 10(1), 164. CrossRef
Nedjimi, B., & Beladel, B. (2015). Assessment of some chemical elements in wild Shih (Artemisia herba-alba Asso) using INAA technique. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(4), 203-205. CrossRef
Osman, N. I., Sidik, N. J., Awal, A., Adam, N. A. M., & Rezali, N. I. (2016). In vitro xanthine oxidase and albumin denaturation inhibition assay of Barringtonia racemosa L. and total phenolic content analysis for potential anti-inflammatory use in gouty arthritis. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 5(4), 343. CrossRef
Peruč, D., Gobin, I., Abram, M., Broznić, D., Svalina, T., Štifter, S., Staver, M. M., & Tićac, B. (2018). Antimycobacterial potential of the juniper berry essential oil in tap water. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 69(1), 46-54. CrossRef
Raina, R., Verma, P. K., Peshin, R., & Kour, H. (2019). Potential of Juniperus communis L as a nutraceutical in human and veterinary medicine. Heliyon, 5(8), e02376. CrossRef
Ruiz-Ruiz, J. C., Matus-Basto, A. J., Acereto-Escoffié, P., & Segura-Campos, M. R. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic compounds isolated from Melipona beecheii honey. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 28(6), 1424-1437.CrossRef
Sati, S., & Joshi, S. (2010). Antibacterial potential of leaf extracts of Juniperus communis L. from Kumaun Himalaya. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(12), 1291-1294. Direct Link.
Shamsudin, N. F., Ahmed, Q. U., Mahmood, S., Ali Shah, S. A., Khatib, A., Mukhtar, S., Alsharif, M. A., Parveen, H., & Zakaria, Z. A. (2022). Antibacterial effects of flavonoids and their structure-activity relationship study: A comparative interpretation. Molecules, 27(4), 1149. CrossRef
Shunying, Z., Yang, Y., Huaidong, Y., Yue, Y., & Guolin, Z. (2005). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Chrysanthemum indicum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96(1-2), 151-158. CrossRef
Šojić, B., Tomović, V., Jokanović, M., Ikonić, P., Džinić, N., Kocić-Tanackov, S., Popović, L., Tasić, T., Savanović, J., & Šojić, N. Ž. (2017). Antioxidant activity of Juniperus communis L. essential oil in cooked pork sausages. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 35(3), 189-193. CrossRef
Stoilova, I., Wanner, J., Trifonova, D., Stoyanova, S., Krastanov, I., & Schloss, H. A. (2014). Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of juniper berry ( Juniperus communis l .) essential oil. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20 (2), 227-237. CrossRef
Tang, J., Dunshea, F. R., & Suleria, H. A. (2019). Lc-esi-qtof/ms characterization of phenolic compounds from medicinal plants (hops and juniper berries) and their antioxidant activity. Foods, 9(1), 7. CrossRef
Țicolea, M., Pop, R. M., Pârvu, M., Usatiuc, L-O., Uifălean, A., Ranga, F., & Pârvu, A. E. (2024). Phytochemical composition antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Artemisia dracunculus and Artemisia abrotanum. Antioxidants, 13(8), 1016. CrossRef
Williams, L., O'connar, A., Latore, L., Dennis, O., Ringer, S., Whittaker, J., Conrad, J., Vogler, B., Rosner, H., & Kraus, W. (2008). The in vitro anti-denaturation effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat treated (immunogenic) bovine serum albumin is proposed as a screening assay for the detection of anti-inflammatory compounds, without the use of animals, in the early stages of the drug discovery process. West Indian Medical Journal, 57(4), 327. Direct Link.
Apak, R., Güçlü, K., Demirata, B., Özyürek, M., Çelik, S. E., Bektaşoğlu, B., Berker, K. I., & Özyurt, D. (2007). Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay. Molecules, 12(7), 1496-1547.CrossRef
Asbabou, A., Hanane, T., Gourich, A. A., Siddique, F., Aziz, D., Remok, F., Saidi, S., Adadi, I., Khamar, H., & Salamatullah, A. (2024). Phytochemical profile, physicochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Juniperus phoenicea and Tetraclinis articulate: in vitro and in silico approaches. Frontiers in Chemistry, 12, 1397961. CrossRef
Abu-Darwish, M., Cabral, C., Gonçalves, M., Cavaleiro, C., Cruz, M., Efferth, T., & Salgueiro, L. (2015). Artemisia herba-alba essential oil from Buseirah (South Jordan): Chemical characterization and assessment of safe antifungal and anti-inflammatory doses. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 174, 153-160. CrossRef
Bordean, M.-E., Ungur, R. A., Toc, D. A., Borda, I. M., Marțiș, G. S., Pop, C. R., Filip, M., Vlassa, M., Nasui, B. A., & Pop, A. (2023). Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Artemisia species. Antioxidants, 12(3), 596. CrossRef
Roy, A., Khan, A., Ahmad, I., Alghamdi, S., Rajab, B. S., Babalghith, A. O., Alshahrani, M. Y., Islam, S., & Islam, M. R. (2022). Flavonoids a bioactive compound from medicinal plants and its therapeutic applications. BioMed Research International, 2022(1), 5445291. CrossRef
Cowan, M. M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 12(4), 564-582. CrossRef
Dahmane, T., Kaci, Z., Hadj Mohamed, N., Abed, A., & Mebkhout, F. (2023). Ethnobotanical Study of Spontaneous Medicinal Plants Gouraya’s National Park (Bejaia-Algeria). Egyptian Journal of Botany, 63(3), 1083-1100. CrossRef
Daira, N. E.-H., Maazi, M. C., & Chefrour, A. (2016). Contribution à l’étude phytochimique d’une plante médicinale (Ammoides verticillata Desf. Briq.) de l’Est Algérien [Contribution to the phytochemical study of a medicinal plant (Ammoides verticillata Desf. Briq.) from Eastern Algeria]. Bulletin de la Société royale des sciences de Liège, 85(1), 276-290. CrossRef
Dhaka, K., & Mittal, A. (2021). A review on botanical characteristics, phytochemistry, pharmacology and traditional uses of selected medicinal plants: Juniperus communis, Ficus carica, Garcinia indica. International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), 9(5), 61-79. Direct Link.
Falleh, H., Ksouri, R., Chaieb, K., Karray-Bouraoui, N., Trabelsi, N., Boulaaba, M., & Abdelly, C. (2008). Phenolic composition of Cynara cardunculus L. organs, and their biological activities. Comptes Rendus Biologies, 331(5), 372-379. CrossRef
Heim, K. E., Tagliaferro, A. R., & Bobilya, D. J. (2002). Flavonoid antioxidants: chemistry, metabolism and structure-activity relationships. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 13(10), 572-584. CrossRef
Höferl, M., Stoilova, I., Schmidt, E., Wanner, J., Jirovetz, L., Trifonova, D., Krastev, L., & Krastanov, A. (2014). Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Juniper berry (Juniperus communis L.) essential oil. Action of the essential oil on the antioxidant protection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae model organism. Antioxidants, 3(1), 81-98. CrossRef
Idoudi, S., Othman, K. B., Bouajila, J., Tourrette, A., Romdhane, M., & Elfalleh, W. (2023). Influence of extraction techniques and solvents on the antioxidant and biological potential of different parts of Scorzonera undulata. Life, 13(4), 904. CrossRef
Ivănescu, B., Burlec, A. F., Crivoi, F., Roșu, C., & Corciovă, A. (2021). Secondary metabolites from Artemisia genus as biopesticides and innovative nano-based application strategies. Molecules, 26(10), 3061. CrossRef
Jaradat, N., Dwikat, M., Amer, J., Ghanim, M., Hawash, M., Hussein, F., Issa, L., Ishtawe, S., Salah, S., & Nasser, S. (2024). Total phenolic contents, cytotoxic, free radicals, porcine pancreatic α-amylase, and lipase suppressant activities of Artemisia dracunculus plant from Palestine. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1351743. CrossRef
Kaczorová, D., Karalija, E., Dahija, S., Bešta-Gajević, R., Parić, A., & Ćavar Zeljković, S. (2021). Influence of extraction solvent on the phenolic profile and bioactivity of two Achillea species. Molecules, 26(6), 1601. CrossRef
Khlifi, D., Sghaier, R. M., Amouri, S., Laouini, D., Hamdi, M., & Bouajila, J. (2013). Composition and anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities of Artemisia herba-alba, Ruta chalepensis L. and Peganum harmala L. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, 202-208. CrossRef
Larayetan, R., Ololade, Z. S., Ogunmola, O. O., & Ladokun, A. (2019). Phytochemical constituents, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, antitrypanosomal, and antimalarial potentials of the crude extracts of Callistemon citrinus. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019(1), 5410923. CrossRef
Mohammed, M. J., Anand, U., Altemimi, A. B., Tripathi, V., Guo, Y., & Pratap-Singh, A. (2021). Phenolic composition, antioxidant capacity and antibacterial activity of white wormwood (Artemisia herba-alba). Plants, 10(1), 164. CrossRef
Nedjimi, B., & Beladel, B. (2015). Assessment of some chemical elements in wild Shih (Artemisia herba-alba Asso) using INAA technique. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2(4), 203-205. CrossRef
Osman, N. I., Sidik, N. J., Awal, A., Adam, N. A. M., & Rezali, N. I. (2016). In vitro xanthine oxidase and albumin denaturation inhibition assay of Barringtonia racemosa L. and total phenolic content analysis for potential anti-inflammatory use in gouty arthritis. Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology, 5(4), 343. CrossRef
Peruč, D., Gobin, I., Abram, M., Broznić, D., Svalina, T., Štifter, S., Staver, M. M., & Tićac, B. (2018). Antimycobacterial potential of the juniper berry essential oil in tap water. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 69(1), 46-54. CrossRef
Raina, R., Verma, P. K., Peshin, R., & Kour, H. (2019). Potential of Juniperus communis L as a nutraceutical in human and veterinary medicine. Heliyon, 5(8), e02376. CrossRef
Ruiz-Ruiz, J. C., Matus-Basto, A. J., Acereto-Escoffié, P., & Segura-Campos, M. R. (2017). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic compounds isolated from Melipona beecheii honey. Food and Agricultural Immunology, 28(6), 1424-1437.CrossRef
Sati, S., & Joshi, S. (2010). Antibacterial potential of leaf extracts of Juniperus communis L. from Kumaun Himalaya. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 4(12), 1291-1294. Direct Link.
Shamsudin, N. F., Ahmed, Q. U., Mahmood, S., Ali Shah, S. A., Khatib, A., Mukhtar, S., Alsharif, M. A., Parveen, H., & Zakaria, Z. A. (2022). Antibacterial effects of flavonoids and their structure-activity relationship study: A comparative interpretation. Molecules, 27(4), 1149. CrossRef
Shunying, Z., Yang, Y., Huaidong, Y., Yue, Y., & Guolin, Z. (2005). Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Chrysanthemum indicum. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96(1-2), 151-158. CrossRef
Šojić, B., Tomović, V., Jokanović, M., Ikonić, P., Džinić, N., Kocić-Tanackov, S., Popović, L., Tasić, T., Savanović, J., & Šojić, N. Ž. (2017). Antioxidant activity of Juniperus communis L. essential oil in cooked pork sausages. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 35(3), 189-193. CrossRef
Stoilova, I., Wanner, J., Trifonova, D., Stoyanova, S., Krastanov, I., & Schloss, H. A. (2014). Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of juniper berry ( Juniperus communis l .) essential oil. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 20 (2), 227-237. CrossRef
Tang, J., Dunshea, F. R., & Suleria, H. A. (2019). Lc-esi-qtof/ms characterization of phenolic compounds from medicinal plants (hops and juniper berries) and their antioxidant activity. Foods, 9(1), 7. CrossRef
Țicolea, M., Pop, R. M., Pârvu, M., Usatiuc, L-O., Uifălean, A., Ranga, F., & Pârvu, A. E. (2024). Phytochemical composition antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of Artemisia dracunculus and Artemisia abrotanum. Antioxidants, 13(8), 1016. CrossRef
Williams, L., O'connar, A., Latore, L., Dennis, O., Ringer, S., Whittaker, J., Conrad, J., Vogler, B., Rosner, H., & Kraus, W. (2008). The in vitro anti-denaturation effects induced by natural products and non-steroidal compounds in heat treated (immunogenic) bovine serum albumin is proposed as a screening assay for the detection of anti-inflammatory compounds, without the use of animals, in the early stages of the drug discovery process. West Indian Medical Journal, 57(4), 327. Direct Link.