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Abstract
Weed vegetation growth affects the growth and production of oil palm plants. To control weeds in plantation land, especially by using herbicides or bioherbicides, weed vegetation analysis is needed. This research was conducted to determine the composition, structure, and level of diversity of weeds in oil palm plantations owned by the community of Pagar Merbau village, Tanjung Morawa District. The method used is a descriptive method with sampling technique done by porposive sampling. The results of the analysis showed that weeds found were 7 families, 10 species, and 3153 individuals. Weed species found were: Clidemia hirta, Borreria alata, Mimosa invisa, Setaria barbata, Ageratum conyzoides, Paspalum conjugatum, Ottochloa nodosa, Cyclosorus aridus, Calopogonium mucudoines, Ophioglossum reticulatum. Ottochloa nodosa is a type of weed that has the highest importance value index 66.52% (1323 individuals) and Setaria barbata is a type of weed that has the lowest important value index of 1.00% (4 individuals). Weed diversity index in this oil palm plantation is in the moderate category (H '= 1.3741). The weed control system to be carried out in this oil palm plantation must consider the dosage and types of herbicides and bioherbicides used so that it does not have the potential to reduce the level of diversity of weeds of grass or broadleaf weeds.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Sitinjak, R. R. (2022). Composition, structure, and level of weed diversity in oil palm plantation in Pagar Merbau Village, Tanjung Morawa, Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture and Applied Biology, 3(2), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.11594/jaab.03.02.06
References
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Ashton-Butt A., Aryawan A. A. K., Hood A. S. C., Naim M., Purnomo D., Suhardi, et al. (2018). Understory vegetation in oil palm plantations benefits soil bi-odiversity and decomposition rates. Original Re-search, 1, 1-13. CrossRef
Barus E. (2003). Weed control: Effectiveness and efficiency of herbicide applications. Yogjakarta: Kanisius.
Byrne R., Spink J., Freckleton R., Neve P., & Barth S. (2018). A critical review of integrated grass weed management in Ireland. Irish Journal of Agricul-tural and Food Research. 57(1), 15-28. CrossRef
Chauhan B. S. (2020). Grand challenges in weed man-agement. Frontiers in Agronomy, 1(3), 1-4. Cross-Ref
Deribe H. 2018. Review on effect of weed on coffee quali-ty yield and its control measures in Southwestern Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 4(10), 7-16. Direct Link.
Essandoh P. K., Frederick A. A., Justice O., David O. Y., & Ernest K. A. A. (2011). Floristic composition and abundance of weeds in an oil palm plantation in Ghana. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6(1), 20-31.
Gebreegziabher W., Verma R. S., & Samuel T. (2018). Assessment of critical period of weed competition in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) at Tana Beles sugar development project, Ethiopia. Inter-national Journal Advanced Reserach Biological Sci-ences, 5(6), 91-99.
Golmohammadi M. J., Chamanabad M., Yaghoubi B. H. R., & Oveisi M. (2018). Rice weed community compo-sition and richness in northern Iran: A temperate rainy area. Applied Ecology and Environmental Re-search, 16(4), 4605-4617. CrossRef
Handayani, Sutri A. I. A., & Khoiri M. A. (2014). Growth of palm oil plant (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) on mixed peat and effluent media in main nurseries. Journal of JOM Faperta, 1 (2), 1-11.
Henri K. K., Kouassi, Kanga Justin, K. Traore et S. Diabate. (2017). Specific diversity and ecological character-ization of weeds with ubiquist behavior in the plantations of oil palm tree in the Southwest of Côte d’Ivoire. Human Journals, 8(2), 96-111.
Marshall E. J. P., Brown V. K., Boatman N. D., Lutman P. J. W., Squire G. R., & Ward L. K. (2003). The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields. Weed Research., 43, 77–89. CrossRef
Michael. (1995). Ecological methods for field and labora-tory investigations. Translated by Koestoer, Y.R. and S. Suharto. Jakarta: University of Indonesia Press.
Mohamad R. B., Wibawa W., Mohayidin M. G., Puteh A. B., Juraimi A. S., Awang Y., & Lassim M. B. M. (2010). Management of mixed weeds in young oil-palm plantation with selected broad-spectrum herbicides. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricul-tural Science, 33 (2): 193 - 203.
Muller-Doumbois & Ellenberg H. (1974). Aims and methode of vegetation ecology. New York: John Wil-ley and Sons.
Nasution S. H., Hanum C., & Ginting J. (2014). Growth of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in vari-ous comparison of solid decanter growing media and oil palm empty fruit bunch in single stage sys-tem. Journal Online Agrotechnology., 2 (2), 2337- 6597. Direct Link.
Nkoa R., Owen M. D. K., & Swanton C. J. (2015). Weed abundance, distributionm diversity, and communi-ty analyses. Weed Sciences, 63(sp1), 64-90. Cross-Ref
Kilkoda K.A., Nurmala & Widayat. (2015). Effect of the presence of weeds (Ageratum conyzoide and Bore-ria alata) on growth and yield of three sizes of soybean varieties (Glicine Max L, Merr) in multi-level pot experiments. Journal Kultivasi, 14 (2), 1-74.
Koriyando, Virgio, Herry S. S. & Pujisiswanto H. (2014). Efficacy of methyl metsulfuron herbicide to control weeds in palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plants. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 2(3), 375-381. CrossRef
Pahan I. (2013). Complete guide to palm oil agribusiness management from upstream to downstream. Jakar-ta: Penebar Swadaya.
Pan R. S., Pradip K. S., Reshma S., Rakesh K., J. S. Mishra, A. K. Singh & B. P. Bhatt. (2019). Effect of diversi-fied cropping system on weed phytosociology. In-ternational Journal of Chemical Studie, SP6, 677-683.
Peiris H. M. P., & Nissanka S. P. (2016). Affectivity of chemical weed control in commercial tea planta-tions: A case study in Hapugastenne Estate, Maskeliya, Sri Lanka. Procedia Food Science. 6, 318 – 322. CrossRef
Rao A.N., & Chauhan B. S. (2015). Weeds and weed man-agement in India - A Review. Weed Science in the Asian-Pacific Region, Chapter 4, 876 -118.
Ronchi C. P. & Silva E. A. (2006). Effects of weed species competition on the growth of young coffee plants. Planta Daninha, Viçosa-MG, 24(3), 415-423. CrossRef
Samedani B., Juraimi A. S., Anwar M. P., Rafii M. Y., Sheikh Awadz S. H., & Anuar A. R. (2013). Competitive in-teraction of Axonopus compressus and Asystasia gangetica under contrasting sunlight intensity. Hindawi Publishing Corporation The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1-8. CrossRef
Samedani B., Juraimi A. S., Sheikh Abdullah S. A, & Anwar Md.P. (2014). Effect of cover crops on weed com-munity and oil palm yield. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16(1), 23-31.
Sarada S., Sreekandan N. G., & Reghunath B.R. (2002). Quantification of medicinally valuable weeds in oil palm plantations of Kerala. Journal of Tropical Ag-riculture, 40, 19-26.
Satriawan H. & Fuady Z. (2019). Short communication: Analysis of weed vegetation in immature and ma-ture oil palm plantations. Biodiversitas, 20 (11), 3292-3298. CrossRef
Shrivastava A.K., Patra S., & Tikariha A. (2016). Uses of weeds as medicine in Durg District of Chhattis-garh. Indian Journal of Applied & Pure Biology, 31(1), 91-104.
Sidik S., E. Purba & Yakub E. N. (2018). Population dy-namics of weeds in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) circle weeding area affected by herbicide application. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Envi-romental Science, 122, 1-7. CrossRef
Simangunsong Y. P., Zaman S., & Guntoro D. (2018). Weed control managment of oil palm estate (Elae-is guineensis Jacq.): Analysis of determinants fac-tors of weed dominancy at Dolok Ilir, North Su-matera. Buletin Agrohorti, 6 (2), 189 – 196.
Sintayehu A. (2019). Weed flora survey in field crops of Northwestern Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricul-tural Research., 14(16), 749-758. Direct Link.
Siregar D. A., Sitinjak R. R., Suratni A., & Nur A. A. 2021. Analysis of weed vegetation on palm oil (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) plantations in Salang Tungir Vil-lage, Namorambe District, Deli Serdang Regenc. Journal of Bios Logos, 11(2), 129-133. Direct Link.
Sitinjak R. R., Suratni A., & Agung S. (2018). Diversity of plants in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
plantations around the Cermin Beach, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Agroprimatech, 1(2), 91-99.
Srithi K., Balslev H., Tanming W., & Trisonthi C. (2017). Weed diversity and uses: a case study from tea plantations in northern Thailand. Economic Bota-ny, 71(2), 147-159. CrossRef
Tarsono H., & Kaswari T. (2016). Screening of potential weeds grown in oil-palm plantation for animal feeds at Jambi Province. Jurnal Ilmiah Agrisains, 17 (2), 85 – 91.
Tilk M., Tullus T., & Katri O. (2017). Effects of environ-mental factors on the species richness, composi-tion and community horizontal structure of vascu-lar plants in scots pine forests on fixed sand dunes. Ilva Fennica, 51(3), 1-18. CrossRef
Tikariha A., Shrivastava A. K., & Patra S. (2016). “Phyto-sociological analysis of weeds in Durg District of Chhattisgarh”. Journal of Enviromental. Sciences, Toxicology and Food Technology., 10(10), 14-21.
Wattanapenpaiboon N., & Mark L. Wahlqvist. (2003). Review article: Phytonutrient deficiency: The place of palm fruit. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12 (3), 363-368.
Adesina G. O., Akinyemiju O. A., & Ola O. T. (2012). As-sessment of frequency, density and abundance of weed species in different Cropping Systems. Jour-nal of Natural Sciences Research., 2(9), 107-119. CrossRef
Ashton-Butt A., Aryawan A. A. K., Hood A. S. C., Naim M., Purnomo D., Suhardi, et al. (2018). Understory vegetation in oil palm plantations benefits soil bi-odiversity and decomposition rates. Original Re-search, 1, 1-13. CrossRef
Barus E. (2003). Weed control: Effectiveness and efficiency of herbicide applications. Yogjakarta: Kanisius.
Byrne R., Spink J., Freckleton R., Neve P., & Barth S. (2018). A critical review of integrated grass weed management in Ireland. Irish Journal of Agricul-tural and Food Research. 57(1), 15-28. CrossRef
Chauhan B. S. (2020). Grand challenges in weed man-agement. Frontiers in Agronomy, 1(3), 1-4. Cross-Ref
Deribe H. 2018. Review on effect of weed on coffee quali-ty yield and its control measures in Southwestern Ethiopia. International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences, 4(10), 7-16. Direct Link.
Essandoh P. K., Frederick A. A., Justice O., David O. Y., & Ernest K. A. A. (2011). Floristic composition and abundance of weeds in an oil palm plantation in Ghana. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 6(1), 20-31.
Gebreegziabher W., Verma R. S., & Samuel T. (2018). Assessment of critical period of weed competition in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) at Tana Beles sugar development project, Ethiopia. Inter-national Journal Advanced Reserach Biological Sci-ences, 5(6), 91-99.
Golmohammadi M. J., Chamanabad M., Yaghoubi B. H. R., & Oveisi M. (2018). Rice weed community compo-sition and richness in northern Iran: A temperate rainy area. Applied Ecology and Environmental Re-search, 16(4), 4605-4617. CrossRef
Handayani, Sutri A. I. A., & Khoiri M. A. (2014). Growth of palm oil plant (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) on mixed peat and effluent media in main nurseries. Journal of JOM Faperta, 1 (2), 1-11.
Henri K. K., Kouassi, Kanga Justin, K. Traore et S. Diabate. (2017). Specific diversity and ecological character-ization of weeds with ubiquist behavior in the plantations of oil palm tree in the Southwest of Côte d’Ivoire. Human Journals, 8(2), 96-111.
Marshall E. J. P., Brown V. K., Boatman N. D., Lutman P. J. W., Squire G. R., & Ward L. K. (2003). The role of weeds in supporting biological diversity within crop fields. Weed Research., 43, 77–89. CrossRef
Michael. (1995). Ecological methods for field and labora-tory investigations. Translated by Koestoer, Y.R. and S. Suharto. Jakarta: University of Indonesia Press.
Mohamad R. B., Wibawa W., Mohayidin M. G., Puteh A. B., Juraimi A. S., Awang Y., & Lassim M. B. M. (2010). Management of mixed weeds in young oil-palm plantation with selected broad-spectrum herbicides. Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricul-tural Science, 33 (2): 193 - 203.
Muller-Doumbois & Ellenberg H. (1974). Aims and methode of vegetation ecology. New York: John Wil-ley and Sons.
Nasution S. H., Hanum C., & Ginting J. (2014). Growth of oil palm seedlings (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in vari-ous comparison of solid decanter growing media and oil palm empty fruit bunch in single stage sys-tem. Journal Online Agrotechnology., 2 (2), 2337- 6597. Direct Link.
Nkoa R., Owen M. D. K., & Swanton C. J. (2015). Weed abundance, distributionm diversity, and communi-ty analyses. Weed Sciences, 63(sp1), 64-90. Cross-Ref
Kilkoda K.A., Nurmala & Widayat. (2015). Effect of the presence of weeds (Ageratum conyzoide and Bore-ria alata) on growth and yield of three sizes of soybean varieties (Glicine Max L, Merr) in multi-level pot experiments. Journal Kultivasi, 14 (2), 1-74.
Koriyando, Virgio, Herry S. S. & Pujisiswanto H. (2014). Efficacy of methyl metsulfuron herbicide to control weeds in palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plants. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 2(3), 375-381. CrossRef
Pahan I. (2013). Complete guide to palm oil agribusiness management from upstream to downstream. Jakar-ta: Penebar Swadaya.
Pan R. S., Pradip K. S., Reshma S., Rakesh K., J. S. Mishra, A. K. Singh & B. P. Bhatt. (2019). Effect of diversi-fied cropping system on weed phytosociology. In-ternational Journal of Chemical Studie, SP6, 677-683.
Peiris H. M. P., & Nissanka S. P. (2016). Affectivity of chemical weed control in commercial tea planta-tions: A case study in Hapugastenne Estate, Maskeliya, Sri Lanka. Procedia Food Science. 6, 318 – 322. CrossRef
Rao A.N., & Chauhan B. S. (2015). Weeds and weed man-agement in India - A Review. Weed Science in the Asian-Pacific Region, Chapter 4, 876 -118.
Ronchi C. P. & Silva E. A. (2006). Effects of weed species competition on the growth of young coffee plants. Planta Daninha, Viçosa-MG, 24(3), 415-423. CrossRef
Samedani B., Juraimi A. S., Anwar M. P., Rafii M. Y., Sheikh Awadz S. H., & Anuar A. R. (2013). Competitive in-teraction of Axonopus compressus and Asystasia gangetica under contrasting sunlight intensity. Hindawi Publishing Corporation The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1-8. CrossRef
Samedani B., Juraimi A. S., Sheikh Abdullah S. A, & Anwar Md.P. (2014). Effect of cover crops on weed com-munity and oil palm yield. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 16(1), 23-31.
Sarada S., Sreekandan N. G., & Reghunath B.R. (2002). Quantification of medicinally valuable weeds in oil palm plantations of Kerala. Journal of Tropical Ag-riculture, 40, 19-26.
Satriawan H. & Fuady Z. (2019). Short communication: Analysis of weed vegetation in immature and ma-ture oil palm plantations. Biodiversitas, 20 (11), 3292-3298. CrossRef
Shrivastava A.K., Patra S., & Tikariha A. (2016). Uses of weeds as medicine in Durg District of Chhattis-garh. Indian Journal of Applied & Pure Biology, 31(1), 91-104.
Sidik S., E. Purba & Yakub E. N. (2018). Population dy-namics of weeds in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) circle weeding area affected by herbicide application. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Envi-romental Science, 122, 1-7. CrossRef
Simangunsong Y. P., Zaman S., & Guntoro D. (2018). Weed control managment of oil palm estate (Elae-is guineensis Jacq.): Analysis of determinants fac-tors of weed dominancy at Dolok Ilir, North Su-matera. Buletin Agrohorti, 6 (2), 189 – 196.
Sintayehu A. (2019). Weed flora survey in field crops of Northwestern Ethiopia. African Journal of Agricul-tural Research., 14(16), 749-758. Direct Link.
Siregar D. A., Sitinjak R. R., Suratni A., & Nur A. A. 2021. Analysis of weed vegetation on palm oil (Elaeis quineensis Jacq.) plantations in Salang Tungir Vil-lage, Namorambe District, Deli Serdang Regenc. Journal of Bios Logos, 11(2), 129-133. Direct Link.
Sitinjak R. R., Suratni A., & Agung S. (2018). Diversity of plants in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
plantations around the Cermin Beach, Serdang Bedagai Regency. Agroprimatech, 1(2), 91-99.
Srithi K., Balslev H., Tanming W., & Trisonthi C. (2017). Weed diversity and uses: a case study from tea plantations in northern Thailand. Economic Bota-ny, 71(2), 147-159. CrossRef
Tarsono H., & Kaswari T. (2016). Screening of potential weeds grown in oil-palm plantation for animal feeds at Jambi Province. Jurnal Ilmiah Agrisains, 17 (2), 85 – 91.
Tilk M., Tullus T., & Katri O. (2017). Effects of environ-mental factors on the species richness, composi-tion and community horizontal structure of vascu-lar plants in scots pine forests on fixed sand dunes. Ilva Fennica, 51(3), 1-18. CrossRef
Tikariha A., Shrivastava A. K., & Patra S. (2016). “Phyto-sociological analysis of weeds in Durg District of Chhattisgarh”. Journal of Enviromental. Sciences, Toxicology and Food Technology., 10(10), 14-21.
Wattanapenpaiboon N., & Mark L. Wahlqvist. (2003). Review article: Phytonutrient deficiency: The place of palm fruit. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12 (3), 363-368.